Integumentary Study Questions in Text

Critical Thinking Questions: pg. 193
3. As a rule, a superficial partial-thickness burn is more painful than one involving deeper tissue. How would you explain this observation? Because deeper burns destroy your nerves and feelings.
6. How would you explain to an athlete the importance of keeping the body hydrated when excercising in warm weather. It is important to keep your body hydrated during excercise in warm weather so that if your body gets overheated you have enough water to sweat it out and regain normal temperature.
8. How is skin peeling after a severe sunburn protective? How might a fever be protective? Peeling after a sunburn is protective because it allows your body's new cells to restore your skin.

Review Excercises: pg. 194
4. List six functions of skin. Protection, Sensation, Heat Regulation, Control of Evaporation, Excretion, and Absorption.
5. Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis. Epidermis is the layer of skin on the top and dermis is the deeper part of the skin underneath.
6. Describe the subcutaneous layer. It lies below the dermis and is made up of loose connective tissue. It helps to insulate the body by monitoring heat gain and heat loss.
8. List the layers of the epidermis. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum.
13. Distinguish between a hair and a hair follicle. Hair is an outgrowth of proteins and hair follicles are the skin that grows the hair by packing cells together.
15. Describe how nails are formed. Nails are made of a tough protein called keratin which is produced from living skin cells in the fingers and toes.
16. Explain the function of sebaceous glands. They act to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. They can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin.
22. Describe the body's responses to decreasing body temperature. The nervous system signals dermal blood vessels to constrict and sweat glands to remain inactive, then the body heat is conserved and it rises back to normal.
25. Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color. The amount of oxygen in the blood-if its well oxygenated then the skin appears pinkish in fair skinned people, if its oxygen concentration is low it appears bluish. The state of the blood vessels- if they're dialated then a fair-skinned person appears reddish, conditions that constrict the blood vessels make it lose the reddish color. And if a person had a liver malfunction-jaundice- they're skin appears yellowish.
27. Distinguish among first-, second-, and third-degree burns. First degree burns are only on the epidermis, they're red and they hurt but they heal quickly and there is no scarring. Second degree burns are on the epidermis and a little bit of the dermis, they're red they hurt n they cause blisters, they typically heal easily and usually dont scar unless there is an infection. Third degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis and appear leathery and dark but dont hurt.
28. Describe possible treatments for a third-degree burn. All third-degree burns require medical treatment.
29. List three effects of aging on skin. Appearance, temperature regulation, and vitamin D activation.